Romania's Path in the EU: Challenges, Achievements, and Relevance for the Western Balkans

Doi: https://doi.org/10.58603/GEIO9074

Abstract: This paper analyzes Romania's trajectory seventeen years after its 2007 EU accession, examining the resulting economic and social outcomes and their relevance for the Western Balkans. While objective data reveals significant macroeconomic progress, including a quadrupled GDP and growth rates exceeding the EU average , this narrative of success is contrasted with persistent social challenges. Romania continues to grapple with high rates of poverty, ranking among the worst in the EU for social exclusion, material deprivation, and inadequate housing. Social cohesion has been significantly undermined by mass emigration, which resulted in the loss of nearly 20% of the population, and a persistent corruption problem that EU-led mechanisms only moderately improved. The article argues that a key issue has been the political class's complacency, leading to an over-reliance on EU frameworks and undermining national strategy. Ultimately, Romania's experience serves as a cautionary lesson for the Western Balkans, demonstrating that EU integration is not a panacea and that robust national governance is crucial to address structural problems.